You may wonder about What is the historical and cultural significance of sports in India? How has the sporting landscape evolved over the years, and what are the most popular sports in the country today?
In this article, we traverse India’s rich sports culture, tracing its journey from ancient traditions to contemporary achievements. From cricket’s dominance to the resurgence of traditional games, we celebrate the diverse array of sports captivating the nation.
So, join us on this exhilarating journey as we uncover the triumphs, challenges, and untold stories that define sports in India. Prepare to be inspired, enlightened, and captivated by the sheer passion and spirit of sportsmanship that permeates every corner of the nation.
1. Exploring Sports Culture in India
Sports culture runs deep within India’s societal structure, weaving together a colorful array of traditions, customs, and fervors. Across epochs, sports have stood as pillars in the construction of India’s identity and solidarity.
In this part, we explore the historical and cultural roots of sports in India, tracing their evolution and profound impact on the nation’s collective psyche, intricately woven into the fabric of Indian culture.
Historical and Cultural Origins
The origins of sports in India can be traced back thousands of years, rooted in the ancient civilization of the Indus Valley. Archaeological findings suggest that sports such as wrestling, chariot racing, and martial arts were practiced by the early inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent.
These activities not only served as forms of physical exercise but also held religious and ceremonial significance, with rituals and festivals often incorporating sporting competitions to honor deities and celebrate harvests, deeply intertwined with Indian culture.
As Indian civilization flourished, so too did its sporting traditions. The epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata, revered texts in Hindu mythology, contain references to various sports and games played by gods, warriors, and common folk alike.
These tales not only entertained but also imparted moral lessons and emphasized the importance of physical fitness and sporting prowess, reflecting the essence of Indian culture.
In addition to traditional games, India’s princely states fostered a culture of royal sportsmanship, with activities such as polo, archery, and hunting gaining prominence among the aristocracy.
These pursuits not only showcased the wealth and power of ruling dynasties but also provided avenues for diplomatic relations and military training, further enriching the tapestry of Indian culture.
Indian Sports Evolution
The evolution of sports in India took a significant turn during the colonial period, as British influence introduced new games and athletic practices to the subcontinent. Cricket, in particular, emerged as a favorite pastime among British officers and Indian elites, eventually spreading to the masses and becoming a symbol of national pride and identity.
In the post-independence era, India witnessed a surge of interest in sports, spurred by a desire to excel on the international stage and showcase the country’s athletic talent. Government initiatives, such as the establishment of sports academies and the promotion of grassroots development programs, aimed to nurture budding athletes and elevate India’s sporting prowess.
Today, India boasts a vibrant sports culture that encompasses a wide range of disciplines, from cricket and field hockey to kabaddi and badminton. The emergence of professional leagues, such as the Indian Premier League (IPL) and Pro Kabaddi League (PKL), has further fueled enthusiasm for sports and provided platforms for aspiring athletes to showcase their skills.
2. Indian Traditional or Regional Sports
India’s rich cultural heritage is reflected not only in its festivals, arts, and cuisine but also in its traditional and regional sports. These indigenous games, passed down through generations, offer a glimpse into the country’s diverse and vibrant sporting traditions, each with its own unique rules, techniques, and significance.
Kabaddi
One of the most popular traditional sports in India, kabaddi has ancient origins and is deeply rooted in rural communities.
Played on a rectangular court, kabaddi involves two teams taking turns sending a “raider” into the opponent’s territory to tag as many defenders as possible while holding their breath and chanting “kabaddi.” The game requires agility, strength, and quick thinking, making it a favorite pastime in villages and towns across the country.
5 interesting facts about Kabaddi in India:
- Ancient Origins: Kabaddi is an ancient sport with roots dating back over 4,000 years. It is mentioned in Indian mythology and has been a part of the subcontinent’s culture for millennia.
- National Significance: Kabaddi is not only popular in India but is also the national sport of Bangladesh. It represents strength, strategy, and teamwork, making it a cherished game in the region.
- Pro Kabaddi League (PKL): The Pro Kabaddi League (PKL), launched in 2014, has dramatically increased the sport’s popularity. It features city-based teams and attracts millions of viewers, bringing kabaddi into the mainstream.
- International Dominance: India has consistently excelled in international kabaddi. The Indian men’s and women’s teams have won numerous gold medals in the Asian Games and World Cup, highlighting their global dominance.
- Unique Gameplay: Kabaddi combines elements of wrestling and rugby. Players raid the opponent’s side, aiming to tag defenders while holding their breath and chanting “kabaddi, kabaddi,” making it a thrilling and strategic game.
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Kho-Kho
Another traditional Indian sport, kho-kho is a tag game that dates back to ancient times. Played on a rectangular field, kho-kho involves two teams, with members of one team trying to tag players of the opposing team while avoiding being tagged themselves. The game emphasizes speed, agility, and teamwork, making it a thrilling spectacle to watch and participate in.
5 interesting facts about Kho Kho in India:
- Ancient Origins: Kho Kho is one of the oldest traditional sports in India, with its origins tracing back to ancient times. It was originally played on chariots, earning it the name “Rathera.”
- Fast-Paced Gameplay: Kho Kho is known for its quick and agile gameplay. Players, divided into two teams, chase opponents in a relay format, showcasing their speed, agility, and strategic thinking.
- Recognition and Development: Kho Kho has gained recognition at the national level, with the establishment of the Kho Kho Federation of India in 1955. The sport is now played in schools and colleges across the country, with national championships held annually.
- Cultural Significance: Kho Kho is more than just a sport in India; it is a part of the cultural fabric, especially in rural areas. It promotes physical fitness, teamwork, and traditional values among young athletes.
- International Presence: The sport has crossed Indian borders, with the formation of the Asian Kho Kho Federation in 1987. India has successfully promoted Kho Kho internationally, leading to its inclusion in various international sports events and fostering global interest in the game.
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Gilli-Danda
A popular street game in India, gilli-danda is played with two wooden sticks—a longer one called the “danda” and a shorter one called the “gilli.”
The objective is to hit the gilli with the danda, sending it flying into the air, and then to strike it as far as possible while the opposing team tries to catch it. Gilli-danda requires precision and hand-eye coordination, making it a favorite pastime among children and adults alike.
5 interesting facts about Gilli-Danda in India:
- Ancient Origins: Gilli-Danda is a traditional Indian sport that dates back to ancient times, believed to be over 2500 years old. It has been played in rural areas for generations and is mentioned in ancient scriptures and literature.
- Simple Equipment: The game requires minimal equipment – just a small stick called “gilli” and a larger stick called “danda.” The objective is to hit the gilli with the danda as far as possible and then run to score points.
- Universal Appeal: Gilli-Danda is played across the length and breadth of India, from the northern plains to the southern coasts. Its simplicity and minimal equipment make it accessible to children and adults alike in both rural and urban settings.
- Skills and Strategy: The game demands a blend of physical skill, precision, and strategy. Players must accurately hit the gilli and strategically run to avoid being caught by the opposing team, making it a test of agility and quick thinking.
- Cultural Heritage: Gilli-Danda holds a special place in Indian cultural heritage, often depicted in literature, movies, and folklore. It symbolizes the simplicity of rural life and the joy of traditional Indian childhood games, fostering a sense of nostalgia among those who played it growing up.
Gilli Danda, an Indigenous game from Gujarat
Kalaripayattu
Originating in the southern Indian state of Kerala, Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest martial arts in the world. This ancient combat system incorporates elements of physical conditioning, self-defense techniques, and weapon training, emphasizing agility, flexibility, and mental discipline.
Kalaripayattu practitioners undergo rigorous training regimens to master various strikes, kicks, and grappling techniques, making it both a formidable martial art and a holistic form of exercise.
5 interesting facts about Kalaripayattu in India:
- Ancient Martial Art: Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest martial arts in the world, with origins dating back over 3,000 years. It is believed to have been developed in Kerala and is mentioned in ancient Indian texts and folklore.
- Holistic Training: Kalaripayattu training goes beyond physical combat. It includes physical conditioning, combat techniques, and weapon training, as well as aspects of yoga, Ayurveda, and meditation to ensure overall well-being and mental discipline.
- Diverse Techniques: This martial art incorporates a wide range of techniques, including strikes, kicks, grappling, and weaponry. Practitioners learn to use a variety of weapons such as sticks, swords, shields, and daggers, making it a comprehensive fighting system.
- Influence on Other Martial Arts: Kalaripayattu has had a significant influence on other martial arts, particularly those in Asia. It is believed that Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk from India, introduced Kalaripayattu techniques to China, which contributed to the development of Shaolin Kung Fu.
- Cultural Revival: After a period of decline during colonial rule, Kalaripayattu has experienced a cultural revival. It is now practiced widely in Kerala and other parts of India, with dedicated schools and training centers preserving this ancient tradition. It is also showcased in cultural festivals and performances, highlighting its historical and artistic significance.
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Thang-Ta
Hailing from the northeastern Indian states of Manipur and Assam, Thang-Ta is a traditional martial art that combines armed and unarmed combat techniques. Practitioners wield weapons such as swords, spears, and shields, using intricate movements and footwork to execute offensive and defensive maneuvers.
Thang-Ta is not only a martial art but also a cultural practice, with practitioners often performing elaborate routines during festivals and ceremonies.
5 interesting facts about Thang-Ta in India:
- Martial Art of Manipur: Thang-Ta, also known as Huyen Langlon, is a traditional martial art from the northeastern state of Manipur. It combines armed combat with swords (Thang) and spears (Ta) and unarmed combat techniques.
- Historical Origins: Thang-Ta has ancient roots, believed to have originated during the reign of the Meitei kings. It was initially practiced by the warriors of Manipur as a means of defense and combat training.
- Spiritual and Physical Training: The practice of Thang-Ta involves both physical and spiritual training. Practitioners engage in rigorous physical exercises, weapon handling, and choreographed sequences, while also incorporating meditation and breath control to enhance mental focus and discipline.
- Traditional Performances: Thang-Ta is not only a martial art but also a cultural performance art. It is often showcased in traditional festivals, ceremonies, and theatrical performances in Manipur, where practitioners demonstrate their skills through intricate and dynamic movements.
- Modern Revival and Recognition: In recent years, Thang-Ta has gained recognition beyond Manipur, with efforts to revive and promote this ancient martial art. Various organizations and schools now teach Thang-Ta, preserving its techniques and cultural heritage, and it has been included in the sports category of the Indian government’s Khelo India initiative to encourage traditional sports.
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Vallamkali (Boat Racing)
A traditional sport popular in the southern Indian state of Kerala, Vallamkali involves racing traditional longboats known as “vallams” along the backwaters and rivers of the region.
These colorful boats, adorned with ornate decorations and manned by teams of rowers, compete in exhilarating races that attract thousands of spectators. Vallamkali is not only a test of strength and skill but also a celebration of Kerala’s rich maritime heritage.
5 interesting facts about Vallamkali in India:
- Traditional Boat Race of Kerala: Vallamkali, also known as the Snake Boat Race, is a traditional boat race held in the backwaters of Kerala. It is one of the most popular and celebrated cultural events in the state.
- Unique Snake Boats: The race features long and narrow boats called “chundan vallams,” or snake boats, which can be over 100 feet long. These boats are shaped like snakes, with the front and rear sections rising out of the water, giving them their distinctive appearance.
- Team Effort and Synchrony: Each snake boat is rowed by a team of about 100 to 120 oarsmen, who paddle in perfect synchrony to the rhythmic beats of drums and traditional songs. The coordinated effort and teamwork are crucial for winning the race.
- Historical and Cultural Significance: Vallamkali has deep historical and cultural roots, dating back to ancient times when these boats were used for naval warfare. Today, the races are an integral part of the Onam festival celebrations and symbolize community spirit and unity.
- Spectacular Festivals: The most famous Vallamkali events include the Nehru Trophy Boat Race, Champakulam Moolam Boat Race, and Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali. These events attract thousands of spectators, both locals and tourists, who come to witness the thrilling races and vibrant festivities.
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3. Popular Sports in India
A Diverse Sporting Landscape
India’s sporting landscape is as diverse as its cultural tapestry, offering a rich array of athletic pursuits that capture the nation’s imagination. From traditional games rooted in centuries-old customs to modern sports embraced with fervor, India boasts a vibrant spectrum of athletic endeavors that resonate with millions across the country.
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From Cricket to Kabaddi: India’s Sporting Panorama
Cricket
Undoubtedly, cricket stands as the undisputed king of sports in India. Introduced by British colonialists in the 18th century, cricket has since become a national obsession, transcending boundaries of age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
From the frenzied excitement of international matches to the electric atmosphere of domestic leagues like the Indian Premier League (IPL), cricket as a national sport commands a special place in the hearts of Indians nationwide, especially heightened during events like the Cricket World Cup.
Football (Soccer)
While cricket reigns supreme, football holds its own as one of the most passionately followed sports in India. With a rich history dating back to the late 19th century, Indian football has garnered a dedicated fan base, particularly in regions like West Bengal, Kerala, and the Northeast.
The Indian Super League (ISL) has played a pivotal role in revitalizing the domestic football scene, showcasing top talent from India and abroad.
Field Hockey
Historically, field hockey was India’s pride and joy, with the Indian hockey team dominating the international stage for decades. Although its prominence has waned in recent years, hockey remains a beloved sport among the Indian games, especially in states like Punjab, Odisha, and Uttar Pradesh.
The sport continues to inspire future generations of players, with efforts underway to revitalize India’s hockey legacy, including initiatives like the Hockey India League.
Badminton
In recent years, badminton has witnessed a surge in popularity, fueled by the success of Indian shuttlers on the global stage.
Indian badminton Players like P.V. Sindhu, Saina Nehwal, and Kidambi Srikanth have captured the nation’s imagination with their stellar performances in international tournaments, inspiring a new generation of badminton enthusiasts across the country.
Kabaddi
Rooted in ancient Indian traditions, kabaddi holds a special place in India’s sporting ethos. The Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) has played a pivotal role in rekindling interest in the sport, transforming it into a modern spectacle that garners millions of viewers and supporters.
Kabaddi’s unique blend of strategy, athleticism, and teamwork continues to captivate audiences, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas.
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4. India’s Sporting Success
India’s sporting success is a testament to the nation’s resilience, talent, and unwavering passion for athletic excellence. Over the years, Indian athletes have made significant strides on the international stage, defying odds and breaking barriers to achieve remarkable feats across a wide range of sports.
From historic Olympic medals to triumphs in cricket, badminton, and beyond, India’s sporting journey is marked by moments of glory and inspiration that have captured the hearts of millions.
Olympic Triumphs
India’s journey at the Olympic Games is adorned with moments of triumph that have etched themselves into the annals of sporting history. Notable achievements include the iconic gold medals in field hockey, with the Indian men’s team dominating the sport for several decades, culminating in memorable victories at the Olympics.
Individual athletes have also left an indelible mark, with legends like Abhinav Bindra (shooting), P.V. Sindhu (badminton), and Mary Kom (boxing) clinching Olympic medals and inspiring generations of aspiring athletes.
Cricketing Glory
Cricket holds a special place in the hearts of Indians, and the country’s cricketing success on the global stage is nothing short of legendary. From the iconic World Cup triumph in 1983 under Kapil Dev’s leadership to the historic victories in the ICC T20 World Cup and ICC Champions Trophy, Indian cricket has witnessed moments of sheer brilliance and dominance.
The rise of cricketing icons like Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli, and M.S. Dhoni has elevated the sport to unprecedented heights, turning players into national heroes and inspiring millions of aspiring cricketers across the country.
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Emergence in Badminton
In recent years, Indian badminton has emerged as a powerhouse in international competitions, with players consistently making their mark in prestigious tournaments around the world.
Athletes like P.V. Sindhu, Saina Nehwal, and Kidambi Srikanth have shattered records, clinched world titles, and brought home medals from the Olympic Games, elevating the profile of Indian badminton and inspiring a new generation of shuttlers.
Rising Stars in Other Sports
Beyond cricket and badminton, India has seen a surge of talent and success in various other sports. From wrestling and boxing to shooting and athletics, Indian athletes have showcased their prowess on the global stage, clinching medals and making their presence felt in highly competitive fields.
Notable achievements include Olympic medals in wrestling, world championships in shooting, and podium finishes in athletics and boxing.
Paralympic Sports in India
Paralympic sports in India represent a celebration of determination, resilience, and the indomitable human spirit. These sports provide a platform for athletes with disabilities to showcase their talents, challenge societal perceptions, and inspire others with their remarkable achievements.
Over the years, the Paralympic movement in India has grown in stature and recognition, thanks to the efforts of athletes, coaches, administrators, and various stakeholders dedicated to promoting inclusivity and accessibility in sports. India had Notable achievements like multiple medals at the Paralympic Games, World Championships, Asian Para Games, and other prestigious events.
Athletes like Deepa Malik (para-athletics), Devendra Jhajharia (para-athletics), and Mariyappan Thangavelu (para-athletics) have become household names, inspiring millions with their resilience, grit, and determination.
5. Famous Indian Athletes
In India, the realm of sports is adorned with the achievements of numerous iconic athletes who have transcended boundaries, shattered records, and inspired generations with their remarkable talent, dedication, and passion for their respective disciplines.
From cricketing legends to trailblazing Olympians, these athletes have left an indelible mark on the sporting landscape of the nation, becoming household names and role models for millions across the country.
Male Athletes
- Sachin Tendulkar
Widely regarded as one of the greatest cricketers of all time, Sachin Tendulkar is a name that needs no introduction. Known as the “Master Blaster” and the “Little Master,” Tendulkar‘s illustrious career spanned over two decades, during which he amassed countless records and accolades, including the most runs scored in both Test and One-Day International cricket.
Tendulkar‘s unrivaled skill, dedication, and humility endeared him to fans worldwide, making him a true icon of the sport.
- Milkha Singh
Fondly remembered as the “Flying Sikh,” Milkha Singh was one of India’s most celebrated track and field athletes. His journey from humble beginnings to international acclaim is the stuff of legends, culminating in a historic fourth-place finish in the 400 meters at the 1960 Rome Olympics.
Milkha Singh‘s tenacity, perseverance, and never-say-die attitude continue to inspire generations of athletes, earning him a revered place in Indian sporting history.
- Abhinav Bindra
India’s first individual Olympic gold medalist, Abhinav Bindra, made history at the 2008 Beijing Olympics when he clinched the gold medal in the 10-meter air shooting event. Bindra’s meticulous preparation, mental fortitude, and unwavering focus were instrumental in his historic achievement, inspiring a generation of Indian shooters to aim for excellence on the global stage.
Female Athletes
- P.V. Sindhu
A trailblazer in Indian badminton, P.V. Sindhu has emerged as one of the most dominant and celebrated athletes in the world. Her silver medal-winning performance at the 2016 Rio Olympics catapulted her to superstardom, making her the first Indian woman to win an Olympic silver medal in badminton.
Sindhu‘s towering smashes, athleticism, and fighting spirit have endeared her to fans worldwide, establishing her as a true icon of the sport.
- Mary Kom
Hailed as “Magnificent Mary,” Mary Kom is a pioneer in Indian boxing and a trailblazer for women in sports. With an illustrious career spanning over two decades, Mary Kom has won multiple world championships and Olympic medals, cementing her legacy as one of the greatest female boxers of all time.
Her resilience, determination, and unwavering passion for the sport have inspired countless young girls to pursue their dreams fearlessly.
- Saina Nehwal
A former world number one and Olympic bronze medalist, Saina Nehwal is one of India’s most accomplished badminton players. Nehwal‘s aggressive playing style, indomitable spirit, and never-say-die attitude have made her a force to be reckoned with on the international circuit.
Her numerous accolades and achievements have earned her widespread admiration and respect, establishing her as a true icon of Indian sports.
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6. Annual Sports Competitions
Annual sports competitions are a cornerstone of India’s vibrant sporting culture, providing platforms for athletes to showcase their talent, compete at the highest level, and foster camaraderie among sports enthusiasts.
From traditional events rooted in local customs to modern tournaments featuring international participation, these competitions contribute to the promotion and development of sports across the country. This article explores some of the most prominent annual sports competitions held in India, highlighting their significance and impact on the sporting landscape.
1. Indian Premier League (IPL)
The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league that has revolutionized the sport of cricket in India. Held annually, the IPL features franchise-based teams representing different cities and regions, with top international and Indian players competing in high-octane matches.
Known for its glitz, glamour, and nail-biting action, the IPL attracts millions of viewers and fans, making it one of the most-watched sporting events in the world.
2. Pro Kabaddi League (PKL)
The Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) has played a pivotal role in popularizing the traditional Indian sport of kabaddi and giving it a modern, professional makeover. Held annually, the PKL features franchise-based teams competing in a thrilling format that has captivated audiences across the country.
With its fast-paced action, strategic gameplay, and passionate fan base, the PKL has emerged as one of the most successful sports leagues in India.
3. Indian Super League (ISL)
The Indian Super League (ISL) is a professional football league that aims to elevate the standard of football in India and promote the sport at the grassroots level.
Held annually, the ISL features franchise-based teams representing different cities, with top Indian and international players showcasing their skills in intense matches. The ISL has played a significant role in popularizing football in India and nurturing local talent, contributing to the growth of the sport nationwide.
4. National Games of India
The National Games of India is a multi-sport event held biennially, featuring athletes from different states and union territories competing in various disciplines.
The event serves as a platform for athletes to showcase their talent and compete at the national level, with medals awarded to top performers in each sport. The National Games of India play a crucial role in promoting sports development and fostering national unity through the spirit of competition.
5. Tata Mumbai Marathon
The Tata Mumbai Marathon is one of the largest and most prestigious marathons in Asia, attracting thousands of participants from around the world. Held annually, the marathon features various categories, including full marathon, half marathon, and charity runs, with participants running through the iconic streets of Mumbai.
The event not only promotes fitness and healthy lifestyles but also raises awareness and funds for various social causes.
6. Airtel Delhi Half Marathon
The Airtel Delhi Half Marathon is another major running event held annually in India, attracting elite athletes and recreational runners alike.
The half marathon route takes participants through the historic landmarks of Delhi, offering a unique opportunity to experience the city’s rich cultural heritage while engaging in a challenging athletic endeavor. The event has become increasingly popular over the years, drawing participants from across the country and around the world.
7. Chennai Open (Tennis)
The Chennai Open is an annual tennis tournament held in Chennai, featuring top players from around the world competing in singles and doubles matches. The tournament, part of the ATP World Tour, has a rich history and tradition, attracting tennis enthusiasts and fans to witness world-class tennis action up close.
The Chennai Open has played a significant role in promoting tennis among the board games and providing a platform for Indian players to test their skills against international competition. Additionally, it has contributed to the growth of tennis in the region, bolstered by events like the International Premier Tennis League.
Key Takeaways About Sports in India
Sports in India encompass a diverse and dynamic landscape, reflecting the nation’s rich cultural heritage, passion for competition, and commitment to excellence. From traditional games ingrained in local customs to modern sporting spectacles that captivate millions, India’s sporting journey is marked by triumphs, challenges, and a relentless pursuit of sporting glory.
Despite facing systemic issues such as inadequate infrastructure, funding constraints, and governance issues, Indian athletes continue to defy the odds and inspire millions with their talent, resilience, and determination.
As India strives to emerge as a sporting powerhouse on the global stage, it is imperative to address these challenges, promote inclusivity and diversity, and foster a culture of sports excellence and integrity.
By investing in infrastructure, providing financial support, improving governance, and prioritizing athlete welfare, India can create an environment conducive to nurturing talent, promoting participation, and achieving success in sports.
As readers continue to explore the world of sports in India, we invite them to delve deeper into our other articles, which offer insights, analysis, and stories that celebrate the spirit of sportsmanship, camaraderie, and achievement in the country.