




The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, one of Rome’s oldest churches, is known for its compelling history and beautiful mosaics. Commissioned by Pope Callistus I in the third century, this church holds a special place in Rome’s religious heritage.
In this article, we’ll explore the Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere’s fascinating past and its impressive architecture. Discover the intricate mosaics, including the famous apse mosaic depicting the Virgin Mary and Child. Marvel at the Romanesque bell tower and the 12th-century façade adorned with stunning arrangements. Whether you’re attending mass or simply appreciating the artwork, the basilica offers a rich experience for visitors, immersing them in the glory of this ancient and culturally significant site.

Historical Significance
1. Foundation and Early History

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, also known as Our Lady in Trastevere, is a historic church in Rome with a rich history dating back to the third century AD. According to an inscription on the episcopal throne, this was the first church dedicated to Mary in Rome. The church was founded by Pope Saint Callixtus I in 221 and 227 AD on the site of a refuge for soldiers.
During the early years, the church was a simple house church, but it gradually grew in importance and size. The church’s basic floor plan and wall structure date back to the 340s. In the 12th century, the church was renovated with the addition of a Romanesque bell tower and a façade bedecked with elaborate mosaics.
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2. Medieval Developments

The medieval era saw significant developments in the history of Santa Maria in Trastevere. Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) commissioned the construction of a new apse to house the altar, and the church was further embellished with frescoes and mosaics.
The interior of the church is adorned with impressive works of art, including the apse mosaic depicting the Virgin Mary and Child surrounded by ten women, which is considered one of the finest mosaics of the medieval period.


3. Modern Era

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere has undergone several restorations and renovations over the centuries. In the 17th century, architect Carlo Fontana redesigned the interior of the church, adding a new altar and a new ceiling. The church was also refurbished in the 19th century, and the façade was restored in the 20th century.
Today, the Basilica di Santa Maria is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world. It is located in the Trastevere district of Rome, on the Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere. The church is known for its impressive architecture, stunning mosaics, and rich history.

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Architecture
4. Building Design



The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere is one of the oldest churches in Rome, with its basic floor plan and wall structure dating back to the 340s. The church was built on the site of an earlier sanctuary, which was constructed in 221 and 227 by Pope Callistus I. The current structure was built by Pope Innocent II, who wished to honor God and the Virgin Mary.
The church has a rectangular floor plan with a nave and two aisles, separated by columns with Corinthian capitals. Four columns support the triumphal arch, and the apse has a large mosaic depicting the Virgin Mary and Child. The bell tower, which dates from the 12th century, is one of the most notable features of the church. It is built in the Romanesque style and has three tiers of mullioned windows.




5. Mosaics and Artwork



The Basilica di Santa Maria is known for its stunning golden mosaic on the facade, which dates back to the 12th century. The mosaic depicts the Virgin Mary and Child, surrounded by angels and saints. The church also has several other mosaics and artwork, including a coffered ceiling in the nave, which dates back to the 17th century.
The chapel’s dome is a gem of Baroque architecture. In the center of the cupola, four angels hold up a small temple or tempietto, which pierces the oculus. The sacristy, which leads off the left aisle, contains two treasures that are often overlooked. The first is a painting of the Madonna and Child, attributed to the school of Raphael. The second is a reliquary containing the skull of Saint Callixtus I, which is said to have been found in the church’s crypt.



Cultural Impact
6. Religious Influence



As one of the oldest churches in Rome, the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere has had a significant religious influence. The church was established in the 3rd century AD and has since been revamped multiple times. The current structure features a mix of Byzantine and Baroque architecture, with Corinthian capitals and an apse vault adorned with mosaics depicting the prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah.
The church is also home to a stunning depiction of the Virgin Mary with a child flanked by saints and angels. These religious artworks have inspired many visitors and locals alike to reflect on their faith and spirituality.

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7. Tourism and Education



Santa Maria has also had a significant impact on tourism and education. The church is a popular destination for walking tours and attracts thousands of visitors every year. Its beautiful Romanesque bell tower, working clock, and mosaics dating back to the 12th century make it a tourist must-see attraction. The church has also been featured in numerous publications, including the Art Bulletin, which has helped to spread awareness about its rich history and cultural significance.
Santa Maria has also played an important role in education. The church has been used as a teaching tool for students studying art, history, and religion. Retired soldiers and other groups have also visited the church as part of educational programs. The tiny figures and intricate details of the mosaics and other artworks have helped to inspire and educate generations of students.
Overall, the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere has had a significant cultural impact, both religiously and secularly. Its rich history, stunning artworks, and unique architecture have made it a beloved destination for tourists and locals alike.



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Santa Maria in Trastevere: A recap
The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, a testament to Romanesque architecture, enchants with mosaics, frescoes, and ornate details. Throughout its history, it’s been pivotal in Rome’s religious and cultural life, hosting significant events.
Today, the basilica draws global visitors, offering a glimpse into its rich historical background. Whether a religious pilgrim or an art enthusiast, a visit to this iconic site is a must during your time in Rome.
Plan your trip to the Eternal City and prioritize the Santa Maria in Trastevere. Explore its beauty, wade in its history, and appreciate its cultural significance. For more insights into Rome’s treasures, check out our articles on the “Trastevere Neighborhood” , “Janiculum Hill” and “Fontana dell’Acqua Paola.” Uncover the city’s wonders and make your visit truly unforgettable.